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The primary source of all energies can be thought of as the sun's energy. It can be produced directly via a variety of methods, like maximizing the use of sunshine. Thermal energy can be produced utilising solar energy or electricity. Photovoltaic (PV) cell use is widespread in the solar energy industry. By presenting recent innovations in the area, the primary goal of this review research is to assist anyone navigating the solar energy industry. The development of a potential difference at the intersection of two unique semiconductor materials is how photovoltaic energy is converted. The materials used for solar cells should be non-toxic, cheap and abundant. In order to scale up the various technologies, it is crucial that the ingredients used are abundant. For an advanced crystalline silicon solar cell without light concentration, We began our discussion of the various PV technologies. Thin film Unlike the wafers that serve as the foundation for first-generation PV, solar cells are built of significantly thinner sheets. Due to the current price decline in wafer-based solar cells, most thin-film solar cells have not yet become economically viable. Over the past two decades, these thin film technologies have continuously become more efficient. The performance of CIGS and CdTe solar cells is very comparable, with a record efficiency of 22.6% for the CIGS solar cell from ZSW and 22.1% for the cadmium telluride. As we can see, research on organic Photovoltaics (PV) has only been going on for the past 15 years, with the exception of dye-sensitized solar cells. The Hong Kong UST has achieved a record efficiency of 11.5% for organic solar cells during that time and Sharp has reached a record efficiency of 11.9% for dye sensitized solar cells. Perovskite solar cells have not yet achieved a stable efficiency.
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